Nephrocalcinosis in preterm neonates

Nephrocalcinosis (NC) in preterm neonates is predominantly located in the:

a. Cortex
b. Medulla
c. Pyelocalyceal system
d. Other

The mineral precipitates found in NC in intensive care treated neonates mainly consists of:

a. Intratubular calcium oxalate crystals
b. Intratubular calcium phosphate crystals
c. Interstitial calcium oxalate crystals
d. Interstitial calcium phosphate crystals
e. All of the above

The aetiology of NC in preterm neonates is multifactorial. The following factor is important:

a. Low gestational age
b. High calcium and phosphate intake
c. Severe respiratory disease
d. Hypercalciuria
e. All of the above

Phosphate intake can influence the risk of developing NC in the case of:

a. High phosphate intake
b. Low phosphate intake
c. Normal phosphate intake
d. Low as well as high phosphate intake

As a long term consequence(s) of NC in preterm neonates can be seen:

a. Haematuria
b. Hypertension
c. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
d. Decreased renal growth

The most probable long-term outcome of NC in preterm neonates is:

a. Spontaneous resolution of NC
b. Decreased glomerular function
c. Distal tubular dysfunction
d. Persistence of NC

High blood pressure in follow-up studies of neonates with NC is related to:

a. Severity of NC
b. Persistence of NC
c. Kidney growth
d. Prematurity per se

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31	EC

Nephrocalcinosis in preterm neonates

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