Physiopathology and etiology of stone formation in the kidney and the urinary tract

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Physiopathology and etiology of stone formation in the kidney and the urinary tract

Most kidney stones in the Western world are composed of:

a. Uric acid (UA) and calcium phosphate (CaP)
b. Uric acid and calcium oxalate (CaOx)
c. Struvite and calcium phosphate
d. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate

Recent histopathologic data suggest that idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers develop kidney stones:

a. Attached to mineral plugs protruding from ducts of Bellini
b. In "free solution" in the renal collection system
c. Attached to the surface of a renal papilla at sites of interstitial plaque
d. Due to crystal attachment to injured collecting duct cells

The interstitial plaque (termed Randall's plaque) found forming in the basement membrane of the thin loops of Henle is composed primarily of:

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium phosphate
c. Brushite
d. Struvite

Potassium citrate salts may promote the formation of:

a. Calcium oxalate stones
b. Calcium phosphate stones
c. Uric acid stones
d. Struvite stones

The type of kidney stone showing a worrisome increase in prevalence over the past two decades is:

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium phosphate
c. Uric acid
d. Struvite

Tags: Uro and Nephrolithiasis

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Physiopathology and etiology of stone formation in the kidney and the urinary tract

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